英语的谓语,宾语和补语
谓语
谓语是句子的必须。主语命名句子中的实干者或成为者;谓词完成其余的工作。简单谓词仅由动词、动词串或复合动词组成:
The glacier melted.The glacier has been melting.The glacier melted, broke apart, and slipped into the sea.复合谓语由两个(或多个)这样的谓语连接而成:
The glacier began to slip down the mountainside and eventually crushed some of the villages outlying buildings.一个完整的谓语由动词、所有伴随的修饰语和其他接受及物动词动作或完成其含义的词组成。
对于不及物动词,宾语和补语包含在谓语中。(The glacier is melting.)对于及物动词,宾语和宾语补语是谓语的一部分。(The slow moving glacier wiped out an entire forest. It gave the villagers a lot of problems.)使用连系动词时,主语与主语补语相连。(The mayor doesnt feel good.)
谓语形容词跟在连系动词后面,告诉我们有关主语的事情:
Ramonita is beautiful.His behavior has been outrageous.That garbage on the street smells bad.表语主格跟在连系动词后面,告诉我们主语是什么:
Dr. Couchworthy is acting president of the university.She used to be the tallest girl on the team.直接和间接宾语
直接宾语是句子中动作的接受者,如在He hit the ball中。注意区分直接宾语和宾语补语:
They named their daughter Natasha.在这句话中,daughter是直接宾语,Natasha是宾语补语,它们重命名或描述了直接宾语。
间接宾语表示为谁或为什么执行动词的动作。直接宾语和间接宾语指的是不同的人、地点或事物。下面句子中的直接宾语用黑体字标出;间接宾语用斜体字表示。
The instructor gave hisstudentsAs.Grandfather leftRosalita and Raoulall his money.Jo-Bob soldmeher boat.顺便提一下,单词me(以及类似的宾格代词,如him, us, them)并不总是间接宾语;有时,它也可用作直接宾语。
Bless me/her/us!Call me/him/them if you have questions.在英语中,名词及其伴随的修饰语(冠词和形容词)在用作宾语或间接宾语时不像在许多其他语言中那样改变形式。The radio is on the desk和I borrowed the radio包含完全相同的词形,但功能却完全不同。然而,代词就不是这样了,因为不同的代词使用不同的形式表示不同的功能。如He loves his grandmother.和His grandmother loves him .中主格和宾格的不同。
补语
补语(注意单词的拼写)是指完成主语、宾语或动词意义的任何单词或短语。正如您将看到的,描述谓词和补语的术语可能会重叠,并且有点令人困惑。
主语补语跟在连系动词后面;它通常是一个形容词或名词,以某种方式重命名或定义主语。
A glacier is a huge body of ice.Glaciers are beautiful and potentially dangerous at the same time.This glacier is not yet fully formed. (verb form acting as an adjective, a participle)形容词补语也称为谓语形容词;名词补语也称为谓语名词或谓语主格。参见上面的谓语。
宾语补语跟随、修改或引用直接宾语。它可以是名词或形容词,也可以是任何用作名词或形容词的词。The convention named Dogbreath Vice President to keep him happy. The clown got the children too excited.动词补语是动词的直接宾语或间接宾语。。Granny left Raoul all her money.